monomelodies/reroute

Extremely flexible PHP5 router

Saturday, April 9, 2016
by monomelodies
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PHP
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The README.md

Reroute

Flexible PHP5 HTTP router, with support for various types of URL matching, URL arguments, custom state handling and URL generation. Reroute is designed to be usable in any type of project or framework., _(*1)

Installation

Composer (recommended)

composer require monomelodies/reroute

Manual installation

Get the code;
1. Clone the repository, e.g. from GitHub;
2. Download the ZIP (e.g. from Github) and extract.
Make your project recognize Reroute:
1. Register /path/to/reroute/src for the namespace Reroute\\ in your PSR-4 autoloader (recommended);
2. Alternatively, manually include the files you need.

Basic Usage

`when`? `then`!

Since the Reroute router responds to HTTP requests, we use the when and then methods to respond:, _(*2)

<?php

$router = new Router;
$router->when('/some/url/')->then(function () {
    // Return something.
});

when starts matching whenever it can, so if your project lives under (for example) http://my-url.com/bla/my-framework/libs the example route above could match /bla/my-framework/libs/some/url/ if nothing better was defined., _(*3)

Note that Reroute matches parts of URLs, hence the fact that your defined route starts with / doesn't have any special meaning., _(*4)

when returns a new Router with the specified URL as its "base" (the first constructor argument). For nested routers (see below), this includes the base for all parent routers. Schematically:, _(*5)

<?php

$router = new Router;
$foo = $router->when('/foo/');
$bar = $foo->when('/bar/');
$baz = $bar->when('/baz/')->then('I match /foo/bar/baz/!');

What then returns can be really anything. If you pass a callable, that in turn should eventually return something non-callable. Hence, the following four forms are equivalent:, _(*6)

<?php

$router->when('/some/url/')->then(function () {
    return 'Hello world!';
});;
$router->when('/some/url/')->then('Hello world!');

class Foo
{
    public static function getInstance()
    {
        return new Foo;
    }

    public function __invoke()
    {
        return 'Hello world!';
    }
}

$router->when('/some/url/')->then(new Foo);
$router->when('/some/url/')->then(['Foo', 'getInstance']);

Named states

When called with two parameters, the first parameter is assumed to be the (preferably unique) name of the state. Named states can be retrieved at any point by calling get('name_of_state') on the router:, _(*7)

<?php

$router->when('/the/url/')->then('myname', 'handler');
$state = $router->get('myname'); // Ok!
$state instanceof Reroute\State; // true

Resolving a request

After routes are defined, somewhere in your front controller you'll want to actually resolve the request:, _(*8)

<?php

use Zend\Diactoros\ServerRequestFactory;

if ($state = $router(ServerRequestFactory::fromGlobals())) {
    echo $state;
} else {
    // 404!
}

(Note that you don't need to explicitly pass in a ServerRequest object, the router uses the current request by default.), _(*9)

Invoking the router starts a pipeline. By calling the router's pipe method you can add middleware to the stack., _(*10)

If a valid state was found for the current URL, it's return value is returned by the pipeline. Otherwise, it will resolve to null., _(*11)

To emulate a different request type than the actual one, simply change $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']., _(*12)

Passing parameters

Your URLs are actually regexes, so you can match variables to pass into the callback:, _(*13)

<?php

$router->when("/(?'name'\w+)/")->then(function ($name) {
    return "Hi there, $name!";
});

Variables can be _named_ (in which case the order you pass them to your callback doesn't matter - Reroute does reflection on the callable to determine the best fit) or _anonymous_ (in which case they'll be passed in order)., _(*14)

Shorthand placeholders

For simpler URLs, you can also use a few shorthand placeholders. The following three statements are identical:, _(*15)

<?php

$router->when("/(?'param'.*?)/");
$router->when('/:param/');
$router->when('/{param}/');

When using placeholders, note that one has less control over parameter types. Using regexes is more powerfull since you can force e.g. "/(?'id'\d+)/" to match and integer. PHP 7 supports extended type hinting in callables, so this will be improved in a future release., _(*16)

Inspecting the current request

By type hinting a parameter as an instance of Psr\Http\Message\RequestInterface, you can inject the original request object and check the used method (or anything else of course):, _(*17)

<?php

use Psr\Http\Message\RequestInterface;

$router->when('/some/url/')->then(function (RequestInterface $request) {
    switch ($request->getMethod()) {
        case 'POST':
            // Perform some action
        case 'GET':
            return 'ok';
        default:
            return $request->getMethod()." method not allowed.";
    }
});

Limiting to verbs (or extending the palet)

The default behaviour is to match GET and POST actions only since they are most common in web applications. Normally a POST to a static page should act like a GET. However, one can specifically instruct certain URLs to respond to certain methods:, _(*18)

<?php

use Zend\Diactoros\Response\EmptyResponse;

$router->when('/some/url/')->then('my-awesome-state', function () {
    // Get not allowed!
    return new EmptyResponse(403);
})->post(function () {
    // ...do something, POST is allowed...
    // Since we disabled get, this should redirect somewhere valid afterwards.
});

Available verb methods are post, put, delete, head and options. Subsequent calls extend the current state, and any existing actions are overridden on re-declaration., _(*19)

Referring to other callbacks

A parameter typehinted as callable matching a defined action (in uppercase) can be used to "chain" to another action. So the following pattern is common for URLs requiring special handling on e.g. a POST:, _(*20)

<?php

$router->when('/some/url/')->then('my-state', function() {
    return 'This is a normal page';
})->post(function (callable $GET) {
    // Perform some action...
    return $GET;
});

Note there is no need to re-pass any URL parameters to the callable; they are injected automatically. Hence, calls to get and post etc. may accept/recognize different parameters in different orders., _(*21)

Custom verb callbacks do not "bubble up" the routing chain. Hence, specifically disabling POST on /foo/ does not affect the default behaviour for /foo/bar/., _(*22)

If the injected action is not available for this state, a 405 error is returned instead., _(*23)

Grouping

The optional second argument to when is a callable, which expects a single parameter: a new (sub) router. All routes defined using when on the subrouter will inherit the parent router's URL:, _(*24)

<?php

$router->when('/foo/', function ($router) {
    $router->then('I match /foo/!');
    $router->when('/bar/')->then('I match /foo/bar/!');
});

Since when also returns the new subrouter, you can also use one of the following patterns if you prefer:, _(*25)

<?php

$router->when('/foo/')->when('/bar/')->then('I match /foo/bar/!');
// ...or...
$foo = $router->when('/foo/');
$foo->when('/bar/')->then('I match /foo/bar/!');

For convenient chaining, then returns the (sub)router itself:, _(*26)

<?php

$router->when('/foo/')
       ->then('I match /foo/!')
       ->when('/bar/')
       ->then('But I match /foo/bar/!');

Pipelining middleware

Since routes are pipelined, you can at any point add one or more calls to the pipe method to add middleware:, _(*27)

<?php

$router->when('/restricted/')
    ->pipe(function ($payload) {
        if (!user_is_authenticated()) {
            // In the real world, probably raise an exception you can
            // catch elsewhere and show a login page or something...
            return null;
        }
        return $payload;
    })
    ->when('/super-secret-page/')
    ->then('For authenticated eyes only!');

You can call pipe as often as you want. Subrouters won't be executed if the pipeline is short-circuited anywhere., _(*28)

When using named parameters, the pipelined callable can optionally specify which parameters it also wants to use:, _(*29)

<?php

$router->when("/(?'foo':\d+)/")
    ->pipe(function ($payload, $foo) {
        if ($foo != 42) {
            // return error response or something...
        }
        return $payload;
    });

This is similar to the state resolving callable, except that there is always a first parameter $payload, and injecting the $request isn't possible., _(*30)

One common use of this is defining a pipe for a first $language parameter in a group of routes, and setting some environment variable to its value for all underlying routes., _(*31)

Generating URLs

To generate a URL for a defined named state, use the generate method:, _(*32)

<?php

$router->when('/:some/:params/')->then('myname', 'handler');
echo $router->generate('myname', ['some' => 'foo', 'params' => 'bar']);
// outputs: /foo/bar/

The optional third parameter to generate is a boolean telling generate if it should prefer a route without scheme/host if the user is already on the current host. It defaults to true. The above example might output http://localhost/foo/bar/ if called with false as the third parameter., _(*33)

Generation is only possible for named states, since anonymous ones obviously could only be retrieved by their actual URL (in which case you might as well hardcode it...). Use named states if your URLs are likely to change over time!, _(*34)

Handling 404s and other errors

<?php

$router->when(null)->then('404', function() {
    return "The URL did an oopsie!";
});

By passing null as a URL, something random is generated interally that won't normally match anything actual in the routing table. Hence, this is a safe placeholder. But you could use anything, really, as long as it's not already in use in your application., _(*35)

Next, try to resolve the currently requested URI. On failure, use the 404 state instead:, _(*36)

<?php

if ($state = $router()) {
    echo $state;
} else {
    // Note that we must "invoke" the state.
    echo $router->get('404')();
}

A best practice is to wrap your state resolving in a try/catch block, and handle any error accordingly so views/controllers/etc. can throw exceptions., _(*37)

The Versions

09/04 2016

dev-develop

Extremely flexible PHP5 router

library reroute

Extremely flexible PHP5 router

monomelodies/reroute

The README.md

Reroute

Installation

Composer (recommended)

Manual installation

Basic Usage

when? then!

Named states

Resolving a request

Passing parameters

Shorthand placeholders

Inspecting the current request

Limiting to verbs (or extending the palet)

Referring to other callbacks

Grouping

Pipelining middleware

Generating URLs

Handling 404s and other errors

The Versions

dev-develop

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

dev-master

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.7

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.6

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.5

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.4

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.3

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.2

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.1

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.4.0

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.3.4

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.3.3

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.3.2

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.3.1

The Requires

The Development Requires

by Marijn Ophorst

3.3.0

The Requires

`when`? `then`!